Collection Highlights
John Howard Melish, William Howard Melish, and Church of the Holy Trinity Collection
This collection contains papers from William Howard Melish; Mary Jane Melish, his wife; Francis H. Touchet, a member of the Holy Trinity parish
The Church of the Holy Trinity (Series 1:folder 1)
who wrote a doctoral thesis titled The Social Gospel and the Cold War: A
History of the Melish Case; and Anna May Mason, a long-time parishioner
who kept records of her extensive involvement with the church and the
"Melish Case."
The Melish Case started in 1948, when the vestry of the Church of the
Holy Trinity, located at Clinton and Montague Streets in downtown Brooklyn,
asked their rector to find a replacement for his assistant. They considered
"that certain outside activities of the Assistant rector were most
detrimental to the interests of Holy Trinity Church" (Series 4:folder 2).
The rector refused, the vestry sought to remove them both, and ten years later,
after court battles in the Church and Civil Courts and attention from the
mainstream, international, and Church press, the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of
Long Island closed down the church.
John Howard Melish, ca. 1910 (Portrait collection)
Like Father, Like Son
The rector in question was the Rev. John Howard Melish, born in Milford,
Ohio in 1874, the son of the Rev. Thomas Jefferson Melish, the rector of St.
Philip's Protestant Episcopal Church in Cincinnati. The bulk of the collection
covers the years 1947-1958, a time when Dr. Melish stood less in the spotlight
of public affairs, but some events from his early life and activities at Holy
Trinity can still be gleaned from the material.
Dr. Melish studied at the University of Cincinnati, then at the
Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Mass., and received his doctorate
from Harvard Divinity School. He came to the
John Howard Melish, ca. 1935 (3:4)
Church of the Holy Trinity as rector in 1904 after a brief stint as associate
rector at Christ Church in Cincinnati.
His was always a progressive voice in the Church. In 1915 he led the
effort to give women parishioners the right to vote in the annual parish
meetings of the Episcopal Church. A pamphlet he penned for that fight, Democracy and Woman Suffrage (8:1), was held in high regard and
later used in the struggle for women's suffrage on the national level. He
fought for better labor conditions, and was a fraternal delegate to the Central
Trades Labor Council of Greater New York. When Dr. Melish was on the stand at
the Supreme Court trial
John and William Howard Melish (4:7)
(see next section), Justice Steinbrink said, "Tell them about some of the
old Brooklyn political bosses that you and I helped to unseat" (3:5).
Later on in life, his main crusade was housing for the poor. Among his
endeavors in pursuit of that goal, he served as the Chairman of the Brooklyn
Committee for Better Housing.
The Assistant rector was William Howard Melish, the son of John Howard
Melish. The younger Melish was born in 1910 in Brooklyn and was raised around
his father's activities as pastor at Holy Trinity. He also entered the
ministry, like his father and grandfather had before him. Toward that end he
attended Harvard, then Jesus College at Cambridge
William Howard Melish, ca. 1940 (3:4)
University, then another alma mater of his father, the Episcopal Theological
School in Cambridge, Mass. He too was an assistant pastor for a year in
Cincinnati before his father asked him, in 1938, to come back to Holy Trinity
to serve as the Assistant rector.
At Holy Trinity, William Howard Melish continued his father's emphasis
on the struggle for worker's rights and the effort to include a diverse
population in the parish. He served as chairman of the International Justice
and Good Will Commission in the Brooklyn Church and Mission Federation and the
Vice-President of the Kings County American Labor Party. He also helped to
found, and served as the Chairman of, the National Council for Soviet-American
Friendship (NCSAF).
William Howard Melish serving tea (3:4)
The Controversy Begins
It was his progressive politics in general, and the position he held as
Chairman of the NCSAF in particular, that discomforted certain members of the
vestry at a time when the spectre of Communism was framed as the antithesis of
all things good, wholesome, and American. In 1948, the Attorney General of the
United States labeled the NCSAF a "subversive organization" (5:11).
William Howard Melish soon landed in the pages of Time Magazine and Newsweek (3:4) as a "fellow traveler" of communism.
From left to right, the Vice-President of the National Council for
Soviet-American Friendship, the "Red" Dean of Canterbury, and William
Howard Melish (Photo collection)
The vestry reacted to this attention from the mainstream press by asking the
elder Melish to replace his son. He refused, so they voted to separate the
parish from its rector of 45 years.
The Melishes challenged the vote, and the case made its way through both
the Church and Civil Courts. Soon the Bishop of Long Island, James Pernette
DeWolfe, was heavily involved in the matter. The courts upheld the bishop's
ruling that John Howard Melish was no longer the rector at Holy Trinity.
Nonetheless, the younger Melish continued to preach, serving as the standing
rector. Thus ended, in 1951, the first wave of the Controversy.
William Howard Melish showing the Zorach bronze (8:7)
The Second Wave
For five years William Howard Melish continued with the duties of a
pastor at the Church of the Holy Trinity in relative peace. He lived in the
rectory with his father, his wife, and his children. He published pamphlets,
gave sermons, such as When Christians Become
"Subversive," (8:2), and wrote a book titled Strength
for Struggle: Christian Social Witness in the Crucible of These Times.
The conflict at Holy Trinity, however, was far from over. Starting in
1955 the Bishop named a series of successors to take the place of William
Howard Melish as rector, but none of them could force Melish to leave the post.
When Christians Become Subversive (8:2)
On one exciting Sunday, Melish and the Rev. Robert Kollock Thomas led
overlapping services from the pulpit until Thomas gave up and left the church.
At one point, the vestry changed the locks on the church to keep Melish out,
then, once the doors were forced open and the locks removed, Melish supporters
did the same to keep out the vestry. In 1957 a newly elected vestry, led by
Lewis Reynolds, a parishioner who had formerly been on the Committee to Retain
Our Rector, a "pro-Melish" group formed during the first wave of the
Controversy, voted to replace Melish with a new rector, Dr. Herman Sidener, who
was chosen after others declined. This action led to a repeat of the former
round of court arguments and legal maneuvering that lasted four years. Bills
Bouck White, in front of the home he built in New Hampshire (3:3)
were introduced before the State Legislature of New York that would ratify the
vote of the vestry. The Melishes were accused of packing the church with their
supporters, whereas the Bishop and vestry were accused of elitism and racism
directed at the newer members of the parish (5:34).
Eventually, the Bishop ordered the church closed. Most of the parish,
including William Howard Melish and his wife, began to attend services at
nearby Grace Church. In 1961, the Bishop declared the church
"extinct," and its ownership transferred from the parish to the
Diocese of Long Island (7:4). John Howard Melish lived in the rectory until
his death in 1969. That same year the parish from St. Ann's church moved to
Holy Trinity and it was renamed the Church of St. Ann's and the Holy Trinity.
The first page of a letter written by William Howard Melish to John Howard Melish (5:36)
Gems in the collection
The collection includes a number of letters between William Howard
Melish and Mr. Ralph E. Wager, who wishes to write a biography about Bouck
White. White, a friend of the elder Melish and a controversial minister in the
Episcopal church, helped to set up youth athletic programs at Holy Trinity.
His notoriety was due in part to The Call of the Carpenter, a book
he wrote, published in 1911, which portrayed Jesus Christ from a socialist's
standpoint.
Personal letters, as well as congregation-wide mailings and official
requests, shed some light on the troublesome years of the Melish Case. This
A pamphlet written about the Melishes by Arthur Miller (8:5)
correspondence includes missives from William Howard Melish to his father, from
Dr. Herman Sidener to Ms. Anna May Mason, and from the vestry to the
parishioners.
The collection contains long runs of relevant serials, from the Holy
Trinity Parish News to The Churchman, a national
journal now known as Human Quest. The self-published works of
both the Melishes and their friends, such as Arthur Miller, add further value
to the collection.
Legal records from the Melish Case and administrative records from both
the Church of the Holy Trinity and Trinity House, its non-sectarian, co-ed
residence club, are also included in the collection. See the finding aid (PDF) for more
information.
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